考古学の検討２ ・ Archaeological Study 2
石川源晃著
農業が発達するためには、広い土地と多くの労働力と多くの水が必要です。人間は農業の発達とともに、
広い土地を求めて他国を侵略するようになりました。そのための軍事力を維持するために、さらに多くの
土地と労働力を求めて、さらに軍事力を増強しなければならなくなりました。非生産的な軍事力を増強
するために、多くの人手が必要になるので、軍隊を増強するための産業は盛んになりますが、他方では
人間文明の非軍事的な部分が失われるという不均衡が世界的に進展しました。
In the agricultural civilization, the vast area of land, the labor power and the ample water are essential.
People have expanded their own territory by aggressively invading near by countries. To keep own
military power they had to expand the territory more and more. As the military industries were in
prosperity by the increased needs of labor power, the non military arts have had to be diminished.
The most of us have set too low value on the unbalanced development of human civilization between
military science and non military arts found. Such must be the world wide dilemma that should have
to study in detail explored.
軍事力の増強が芸術の発達を阻害した不幸な例が日本の縄文（じょうもん）時代から弥生（やよい）時代に
移行する間の今から約四千年まえに認められます。縄文（じょうもん）の文化は出土した土器の科学的年代測定
で確認された年代の紀元前八千年ころ（今から約一万年まえ）には存在しました。 縄文（じょうもん）と
いう言葉は「つぼ状」の土器の外側に草で作成した「わら」を押し付けた模様を施したものです。縄文（じょうもん）時代の
終わりのころになると日本でも稲作が開始されて、紀元前300年ころ（今から約二千五百年まえ）に本格的な農業時代の
弥生（やよい）時代になるのです。
One of the example cases of military dilemma was found in ancient age of the JYOUMON in Japan.
As the Japanese word of JYOUMON connotes the surface pattern of ancient earthenware pots engraved
with a piece of straw rope, ancient age of the JYOUMON era has represented by the era of such pots used.
The excavated pots of age in the ten thousand years scientifically evidenced was enough to give the
beginning of JYOUMON era to be from the eighteenth century BC or the eighth millennium BC commenced.
We can see the wide spread agricultural rice fields in Japan by the end of JYOUMON era that continued
to the next age of YAYOI era in Japan that was commenced by the third century BC or round twenty five hundred
years ago found.
縄文時代には、すでに日本国内の交易商売が広範囲に行われていました。青森の三内丸山遺跡は紀元前3500年
ころから紀元前2000年まで（約5500年前から、4000年前まで）の千五百年の長期間にわたって、約五百人の
多数の人々が定住をした世界でも珍しい古代遺跡ですが、約 600キロ・メートル離れた新潟県の糸井川（いといがわ）
のヒスイなどの交易品が発見されています。縄文時代の土器は精巧な細工が施された高度の技術が特徴で日本各地で多数の土器が発掘されていますが、
稲作が導入されて農業時代になると、芸術的な火炎土器のような装飾的な縄文文化が失われて、弥生時代の単純な形で実用的な
土器に変貌します。 LINK to 火炎土器・most decorative ancient earthenware in Japan in 2500 BC
In JYOUMON era the wide area of trade business was already recorded. The ancient site in northern Japan
called SANNAI-MARUYAMA was evidenced for the continued period of fifteen hundred years from 3500 BC
through 2000 BC or the fourth millennium BC through the second millennium BC with the population of
five hundred or more settled that should be the world astonishing record in the ancient. Excavated jewels
came from some four hundred miles apart in the Itoi river of Niigata would be one of the evidences of wide spread
trade activities in such ancient in Japan performed. Many pots of JYOUMON earthenware have been excavated from all over Japan Islands with high cultural arts designed. In new age of YAYOI or after 300 BC in Japan where the
agricultural life of rice field has prevailed, the high quality art of decoration found on the surface of earthenware of
ancient JYOUMON era was disappeared and the simple practical types of pots were only found.
長野県浅間山近辺で最古の土器が発見され年代測定で約一万六千年まえと確認されましたが、
縄文以前の土器ですから、装飾がない
簡単な皿です。
縄文時代の日本人は北方から渡来した民族ですが、朝鮮半島を経由した人々と南方の
フィリッピンの島々から渡来した人々の三種類の民族が争いました。
南方の稲は品種改良し、日本列島を徐々に北上しますが、縄文土器の
複雑な模様や細工が農業普及とともに装飾を失い実用的なものになる
年月を研究すれば、農業だけが人類の文明を進歩させるという農業万能説に疑問を持ちます。
Oldest earthenware excavated in Japan is the scientific evidenced about sixteen thousand years
ago or the fourteenth millennium BC found at near the volcano ASAMA of Nagano prefecture. As this
was made in the year before the JYOUMON era that its design was simple shaped win cup.
The major people in JYOUMON had come down from the northern continent. A conflict between three groups of people or the people that have come from
China via Korean peninsula and the another people that have come from the southern Philippines
and the people of JYOUMON had been eminently found. The agricultural life of the rice cultivation was
studied in step by step progress as the rice was cultivated in the southern hot climate and should have to
be improved to meet the colder Japan. It was eminently observed the surface design of earthenware
was simplified as the rice cultivation has come up the northern area progressed. This is enough to
place a doubt on the opinion of agricultural civilization that should have to improve the human cultures.
参考資料・for reference
縄文土器と弥生土器・Ancient earthenware of Japan
縄文中期の土器一覧・typical illustration
