The oldest record of human in observing the Moon in
waxing and waning was found from the Blanchard rock shelter in the Dordogne district of France engraved
on the bone surface in about thirty millennium years ago estimated.(See above left view.) Similar record engraved on the the surface of bone with
a set of bars was excavated from south of Egypt. The later was made in 8500 years ago approximately estimated.(See above right view.) The
most of people in the world have been using the Calendars based on the appearance of the Moon. As
the Moon calendar would be useful to know growth of plants and crops, this
type of calendar has been familiar to many agricultural people and also to the hunting people, who are
sensitive to the moving of animals those seek around foods of plants and crops matured. Calendar based on
the appearance of the Moon are used by the people who are longing for coming days of the spring that give
mental satisfaction by longing for the daylight starting from the day of winter-ingress when the shortest
daylight is observed. Only exception in the system of calendars is the spring-ingress type that was originated
by the ancient Summer people. They were successful in the trade business and have established culture life in
about ten millennium years ago in MESOPOTAMIA located. Egyptian who adored the Sun established world oldest Solar Calendar in 2781 BC.
The first day of the year is started at the spring ingress day in the spring-ingress type calendar. This day
was selected as the day and night has been balanced in the equal length at this day in the Northern latitude
of 30 degrees approximately located.
Distinguished life style of Sumerian had promoted
the use of spring-ingress type calendar officially specified. 
The famous city Baghdad or the capital city of Babylonia is located in
33 degrees 20 seconds in the Northern latitude observed. The Sumerian was defeated by the Semite and
the brother tribe of Smite was stationed at Jerusalem and became Jewish people by 500 BC. The religion of
Christianity has come from the Jewish religion and the spring-ingress type calendar was employed by
the Christianity as this calendar was selected for the memory of old days. The festival for the resurrection
of Christ that is three days after the Crucify or EASTER holiday is set on the first Sunday after the full Moon
on or next after the day of spring ingress or March 21 defined.
Also in the astrology, we use the spring
ingress or March 21 for the zero degree of the sign ARIES that every year commences on March 21 specified.
This day may become on March 20 in accordance to the place of city located.
メソポタミアの古代
シュメール人の王国を征服したセム人と同じ種族の人々が地中海沿岸のエレサレムに定住してユダヤ人になり
ましたが、ユダヤ教から独立したキリスト教は春分暦を「昔の記念」と称して使用しました。キリストがはり付け
の刑になった三日後に
復活したことを記念する復活祭（ふっかつ・さい）は春分の日のあとの最初の満月の日の直後の
日曜日です。また、占星学も毎年の３月21日の春分の日を「おひつじ」のサインの零度に定めています。これも、
古代シュメール人の功績を記念して春分の日に「うお」から「おひつじ」になり１年が始まるように定めたのです。
なお、地球上の場所によっては春分の日が3月20日になる年もあります。